Factores asociados al consumo de frutas y verduras en Bucaramanga, Colombia / Associated factors to dietary intake of fruits and vegetables in Bucaramanga, Colombia

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los factores asociados al consumo de Frutas y Verduras (FV) en población adulta de todos los niveles socioeconómicos (NSE), de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Se realizó un corte transversal analítico en una muestra de 317 personas y se midieron variables sociodemográficas, económicas, antropométricas, alimentarias y factores relacionados con la compra y consumo de FV. Se realizó una encuesta, un recordatorio de alimentos consumidos durante 24 horas últimas y toma de medidas antropométricas. Los tamaños de porción fueron estimados con un set de menaje estandarizado y atlas de fotografías de alimentos. Se establecieron frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión y se usaron modelos de Regresión Logística para el análisis bi y multivariado. El consumo promedio de FV fue 162.6 g/día, (188.5 g en NSE alto y 145.7 g en NSE bajo; p=0.056). En promedio 2 porciones/día de FV (2.3 porciones en NSE alto y 1.5 en NSE bajo; p=0.055). La prevalencia de consumo adecuado de FV (más de 5 porciones/día) fue 8.6% (8.9% en NSE alto y 8.4% en NSE bajo; p=0.896). El factor asociado al consumo de FV fue IMC> 25 (OR: 0.31, IC(95%): 0.11-0.89; p=0.030), ajustado por ocupación, ingresos económicos, NSE y número de integrantes de la familia. El consumo de FV es bajo; el exceso de peso es la única variable asociada al no consumo de cinco o más porciones; causas: el costo para el consumo de frutas y el sabor en el caso de las verduras.

The objective of this study was to determine associated factors to the consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) in the adult population of each socioeconomic status (SES) in Bucaramanga, Colombia. We conducted a cross-sectional in a sample of 317 people and we measured socio-demographic, economic and anthropometric variables and dietary factors related to the purchase and consumption of FV. We made a survey, a 24-Hour dietary recall and we did anthropometric measurements. Portion sizes were estimated with a standardized set of utensils and food-photography atlas. Frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion were established and Logistic Regression models were used for the bi and multivariate analysis. Average consumption of FV was 162.6 g / day (188.5 g in high SES and 145.7 g in low SES, p= 0.056). On average 2 servings per day of FV (2.3 servings in high SES and 1.5 in low SES, p = 0.055). The prevalence of adequate intake of FV (more than 5 servings / day) was 8.6% (8.9% in high SES and 8.4% in low SES, p = 0.896). The associated factor to consumption of FV was BMI > 25 (OR: 0.31, CI (95%): 0.11-0.89, p = 0.030), adjusted for occupation, income, SES, and number of family members. FV consumption is low; excess weight is the only variable associated to no-consumption of five or more servings; causes: cost to the consumption of fruit and flavor in the case of vegetables.

[Associated factors to dietary intake of fruits and vegetables in Bucaramanga, Colombia]. / Factores asociados al consumo de frutas y verduras en Bucaramanga, Colombia.

The objective of this study was to determine associated factors to the consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) in the adult population of each socioeconomic status (SES) in Bucaramanga, Colombia. We conducted a cross-sectional in a sample of 317 people and we measured socio-demographic, economic and anthropometric variables and dietary factors related to the purchase and consumption of FV. We made a survey, a 24-Hour dietary recall and we did anthropometric measurements. Portion sizes were estimated with a standardized set of utensils and food-photography atlas. Frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion were established and Logistic Regression models were used for the bi and multivariate analysis. Average consumption of FV was 162.6 g/day (188.5 g in high SES and 145.7 g in low SES, p = 0.056). On average 2 servings per day of FV (2.3 servings in high SES and 1.5 in low SES, p = 0.055). The prevalence of adequate intake of FV (more than 5 servings / day) was 8.6% (8.9% in high SES and 8.4% in low SES, p = 0.896). The associated factor to consumption of FV was BMI > or =25 (OR: 0.31, CI (95%): 0.11-0.89, p = 0.030), adjusted for occupation, income, SES, and number of family members. FV consumption is low; excess weight is the only variable associated to no-consumption of five or more servings; causes: cost to the consumption of fruit and flavor in the case of vegetables.